Helping Management Understand and Appreciate the Value of Risk Management

Excerpted from the June 14, 2007 RIMS New York RIMS Seminar - Helping Management Understand and Appreciate the Value of Risk Management...

First off, before I explain to you who I am, I want to tell you what I am not:

1. I am not the insurance ‘answer man’. I do not profess to know all things about insurance, so I will not be fielding questions about retrocessionaire reinsurance contracts or loss to premium ratios. Although I do know of such things, it is not my area of expertise.

2. I am not the insurance industry. Although I have worked alongside the insurance industry for over 20 years, I have never held a position in nor received any compensation from the insurance industry or related industry

I AM A RISK MANAGER.

I work on the business side of the table, and although I am associated by, well, the entire world as an insurance guy, I do not sell insurance.

Currently, I am the Vice President of Risk Management for Valcourt Building Services in Arlington, VA and I also have a risk management consulting firm – The Vassar Group, LLC located in Sterling, VA.

How many risk managers do we have here today?

Any brokers?

Brokers, for some reason, love me. Whenever a broker finds out I’m a risk manager, they seem to a person to hang on every word I say. Brokers like to take me out to ballgames, dinner, and for some reason, brokers seem to think I am the greatest thing to come along in years.

Okay, of all the risk managers here, did any of you when you were a kid dream of growing up and becoming anything other than a risk manager?

You remember- You’re sitting at your desk in kindergarten and the teacher asks you what you want to be when you grow up. One kid says doctor, the next astronaut, the next a mommy… and then it’s your turn and you say “risk manager”.

Never mind that no companies had risk managers back in 1963 when I was in kindergarten. I would get the same reaction in 2007 that I would have in 1963-

“What does a risk manager do?”

After about 30 seconds into the explanation, their eyes start to glaze over as I explain probability versus possibility, activities versus results, risk financing, etc. It really doesn’t matter what you tell them, they always come away with the same conclusion:

Rick sells insurance.

These days, I just tell people that I buy insurance and leave it at that. If they ask any follow up questions, they do so at their own peril.

I have a brother-in-law, and for the past 20 plus years, I have explained to him what I do for a living. He has read the book, the articles and he is a pretty intelligent guy.

Every time I see him, he introduces me as Rick Vassar – he sells insurance.

Is there anyone here who chose another career both other than risk management?

I think I can safely say that for most risk managers, they do not choose risk management as a profession – it chooses them.

I am going to make a bold statement right here and now. Although risk management seems to be a thankless ill-defined profession at times, to me it is one of the greatest jobs in the world.

If I forget to tell you why, remind me at the end.

For me, it happened way back in 1986. No cell phones, no Internet. MY company had a fax machine but no one else did, so there was no one to fax stuff to.

I was working for a small local car rental company running an even smaller suburban rental location. I had just come off a bad experience at one of the national car rental chains, and I was pretty burnt out.

In November of that year, my boss took me out to lunch and offered me a position of district manager. I would continue as office manager and oversee the operations at another three branches. The promotion included a $50 per week raise that about doubled my salary.

There a catch, he said. You also have to handle the claims for the company as well.

No way, I told him. I hate claims. I hate insurance. I will never do that job.

He offered me another $25 per week as well as a percentage of the subrogation claims I collected on.

When do I start?...

Less than a week later, I got a call from one of the branch managers that an employee had tapped a little old lady in a parking lot, and there was damage to her bumper. I got the report, called the lady. She sent me three estimates, the lower being $221.23. I put in a check request, typed up a release that I found in a file cabinet (using a typewriter and those little white-out strips). It was pretty ugly, but I figured it would do the trick.

A few days later, accounting called and told me the check was ready. I drove over to the accounting department, walked into the controller’s office. She lit up a cigarette, reached back in an accordion folder, and pulled out an envelope.

After she took another pull off of her cigarette (because we didn’t have cell phones, computers or fax machines back then, they let us smoke in the office), she uttered those seven words that would forever change my professional life:

‘You know we have insurance to cover this?’

“Really”

Yup, just turn it over to the insurance company and they will handle it.

“Really”

And that, ladies and gentlemen completed my training as a risk manager for almost ten years.

In the next three years, the company grew from an 800 car fleet and eight offices to a company with a fleet of over 2,000 vehicles and 25 offices. In April of 1989, I was named Director of Risk Management for the largest independently owned car rental franchise in the world.

Although I held this lofty title, I did little more than handle the claims side of the business, and my boss handled the renewals and policy end. In May of 1992, 30 days prior to renewal of the insurance program, it was announced that my boss was leaving the company, and that I would be assuming his duties on the policy end.

NOW I had a problem…

As long as I was just doing claims, I only had to know a little more than everyone else in the company.

It reminds me of the time Diane and I were cutting through Central Park one day a few years back.

It was a beautiful spring day, when out of nowhere, a big black bear came out of the woods and started to chase us. It turns out the bear had escaped from the Bronx Zoo and had hooked over to the Cross Bronx Expressway to West Street, unseen by anyone until it saw us.

Diane and I started to run as fast as we could when I looked over at her and said,

“Hey, Diane, we can’t outrun a black bear.”

“I don’t have to outrun the bear” she said; “I just have to outrun you.”

Well, that’s the way the past six years had gone – I knew a little more than anyone else in my organization, but now it was a whole different ballgame.

I was dealing with insurance industry folks and they figured out that I knew almost nothing about insurance and risk management in about… oh 30 seconds.

I got through the renewal and a friend sent me a little book called Insurance in a Nutshell. Unfortunately, it was written in a language I did not understand- the language of insurance, and I was incapable at that time of cracking the code.

So I continued along, learning what I could when I could, trying to stay one step ahead of everyone else.

In 1996, I took the ARM courses, completing all three and receiving my Associate in Risk Management designation in December. By this time the company had grown to a fleet of over 4,500 vehicles and 40 locations in a 250 mile radius around Washington, DC.

The ARM helped to fill in the blanks and gray areas of the insurance and risk management process.

In 2001, after 15 years with one this one company, which grew to a fleet of over 6,000 vehicles and 45 locations, the company filed for Chapter 11 reorganization due to the hit we took from the 911 attacks. Although it was a reorganization attempt, it was fairly obvious that the company would not survive.


In 2003, after a year and a half of unemployment and a series of other non-risk management jobs, I hooked up with Valcourt Building Services, where I am today.

This brings me to 2007 and the subject of Enterprise Risk Management.

There has been an increased emphasis these days on Enterprise Risk Management, which attempts to systematize risk management at all levels of an organization.

It is my feeling that, for risk management to be effective there has to be a top down commitment to risk management that flows through and incorporates the efforts of all levels of the company to be effective. ERM is another way of saying the same thing in a more formalized manner.

Now, I have been blessed to work in organizations that put a pretty high priority on safety and the prevention of accidents, injuries and illness. Still, in the business world, production is king, and often times, operations, sales and other interests in your organization can work against your best efforts to reduce your overall cost of risk.

As a risk manager, I hold no direct authority over anyone in my company, yet I am still tasked with the responsibility of lowering insurance costs and keeping them down.

If a risk manager is to be successful, he or she must be able to communicate with all levels of the organization in language they understand.

I call this speaking well in the boardroom and talking good in the backroom.

For example, if you are talking to the board or a group of executives, this is the time to wheel out all the bells and whistles, charts and graphs, five year plans, financial models, etc, etc, etc…

Most risk managers, though, answer to the CFO or Treasury officer, and it is most important to speak in their language if you want your message to be heard.

The language of the CFO is numbers.

Plain and simple.

I have found that it less important what the numbers are and more important that the numbers add up. If the numbers do not add up, there is no point in going on.


Stay away from conceptuals when dealing with the CFO unless you have numbers to back it up.

One time I told him that the problem that he thought horizontally and I thought vertically, since my spreadsheets went top to bottom and his went left to right.

You should’ve seen the look I got.

How about operations?

Well, if you try to give operations numbers and use insurance-speak to communicate, you will get shut down every time.

First of all, operations does not want to hear about strategies that they perceive will slow down the production process. Second, the only numbers that count in their world are production numbers. Your numbers are meaningless to them.

I try to communicate with operations management by speaking in terms of net versus gross, meaning not the amount of money they bring in, but the amount of money that stays once all the bills are paid.

When dealing with on line employees, it is important to emphasize safety and the need to keep the employee safe.

But don’t leave it with the greater good scenario. Employees know this is a business, so it is the risk manager’s job to convince employees that not only does safety make good economic sense, it also serves to protect the employee, and that can only be a good thing.

What about sales?

Most sale people I know and work know why our contracts call for certain amounts of coverage and contract language. They just don’t understand why THEIR customers need that coverage?

If you the risk manager are able to communicate the need to your sales team, they will in turn be able to communicate these needs to the customer, so there won’t be confusion or misunderstandings later, after the contract is signed.

And finally, the customer…

I used to umpire baseball at the high school and college level. If I was able to get through the whole game and not be noticed, I knew I did a good job.

It’s the same with you the risk manager. The company I work for does a lot of property management work in occupied buildings, and most companies have unique limit requirements and certificate language.

Some language is for lack of a better word, funky. If you call the customer, the person requesting the language is working off a checklist, and they have no idea why the requirements are what they are.

If you try to kick it upstairs, you will find that the supervisor doesn’t know why either.

The point is, it’s difficult to argue for limits or language with people who have no idea what the language means. It’s best to try to see if you can overcome the objective language or limits from your end.

If you can’t, see if you can determine what your organization can live with.

For example, the big coverage du jour a few years ago was waiver of subrogation. Someone put out an article in a trade magazine that property managers had to have this included in all their contracts. So it became a requirement.

In 2003, our company had waiver of subrogation added by endorsement on work comp on an as requested basis. The problem was that the insurance company did not know how to charge for it.

At renewal for 2004, we asked that waiver of subrogation be added on a blanket basis, thus giving it to everyone on an as needed basis.

Total cost $6,000 or less than 5 tenths of one percent of all premium; a small price to pay to make a big problem go away.

Bottom line, though, is that you need to know what you are talking about before you are able to communicate it well.

On January 12, 2005, my company gave me permission to pursue the CPCU designation.

At that time, I really didn’t know what CPCU stood for, although I knew that anyone worth their salt in the insurance industry has or is working towards a CPCU.

On February 28, 2005, I passed the first CPCU test.

On August 22, 2005, or 176 days later, I passed the eighth and final test.

I received my designee letter on September 6, 2005.

When I was in the middle of this whirlwind, I found out a bunch of things. First, less than 2% of CPCUs are risk managers and less than 1% work outside the insurance industry. Being a risk manager who has never worked in the insurance industry made me that much more unique.

I also went to find that book that I had looked for back in 1989 that explained business insurance and risk management in plain language, and I still couldn’t find it.

So I wrote it. Hide! Here Comes the Insurance Guy is a humorous plain speaking text for folks like me who had to learn on the fly. This book would have been invaluable to me if it were available back then.

It also serves as a great communication tool for risk management departments to show their organizations what they do in an approachable way.

Risk management written by a career risk manager. What a concept!!

I am a risk manager. I am one of you. I’m not a genius. People ask me how I could earn the CPCU designation so quickly.

I don’t know. The only explanation is – it’s what I do.

Have faith in what you know.

Continue to learn.

And learn to communicate what you know in a way that everyone can understand.

One day, instead of hearing ‘What does a risk manager do?’ you are going to hear,
“Wow, you’re a risk manager, that’s pretty cool’

And it is…

Rain or shine, they aid business climate

Are you willing to bet the farm on weather reports you get on the Internet?

Weatherbill.com lets you hedge your business risk when you are affected by the weather. Is it a good deal? You bet-literally

Rain or shine, they aid business climate

Startup offers financial hedge against weather

by Ilana DeBare, San Francisco Chronicle Staff Writer
This article appeared on page C - 1 of the San Francisco Chronicle
Wednesday, June 6, 2007

A San Francisco startup is touting a new kind of financial hedge aimed at helping small businesses weather the weather.

WeatherBill, a venture capital-backed firm started by two former Google employees, sells what are called weather derivatives -- contracts that pay out in cash if the weather hits a selected level of heat, cold, rain or drought.

Weather derivatives have mostly been available to very large companies such as electric utilities for a decade. But WeatherBill is making them available over the Internet to smaller companies that are affected by the weather, such as golf courses, restaurants and even hair salons.

So, for instance, a San Francisco golf course trying to compensate for slow business on rainy autumn days could buy a contract that would pay $500 for each day with more than half an inch of rain between Oct. 1 and Nov. 30. WeatherBill quotes a price of $1,451.74 for such a contract.

"We can sell a weather contract for $1 or $100 million," said Chief Executive Officer David Friedberg, who founded the company with Chief Technology Officer Siraj Khaliq. "We've used technology to let us address the needs of businesses of any size."

In reality, WeatherBill's services will initially be limited to businesses with a net worth of $1 million or more. That rules out very small mom-and-pop firms.

And some observers caution that weather derivatives are too complicated and risky for most small businesses. They note that weather derivatives were pioneered by Enron as a tiny part of its business during the go-go days before its collapse.

"It's basically placing a bet, and you might as well go to the Preakness," said Rick Vassar, a Virginia risk management consultant and author of the book, "Hide! Here Comes the Insurance Guy."

WeatherBill isn't the first company selling tools for businesses to protect themselves from bad weather. Insurance companies have traditionally offered policies covering catastrophic weather or major crop failures. They've also offered policies covering cancellation of special events due to weather.

But WeatherBill's contracts go beyond catastrophes like hurricanes, to address more-modest weather challenges such as a somewhat rainy spring or cool summer.

And unlike insurance, WeatherBill doesn't require businesses to show proof of actual losses to get a payout.

Spencer Malay Hair, an Atlanta salon and day spa that opened less than a year ago, is a WeatherBill client and an example of how weather derivatives can work for a small business.

The salon's owners rely on walk-in customers from a nearby movie theater as a way to build a client base. But they found their walk-ins dropped dramatically on sunny days when people stayed away from the movies.

Searching on the Web for weather forecast information, co-owner Ray Luciano stumbled upon WeatherBill. He and partner Spencer Malay decided to spend $2,000 for a contract that would pay them $10,000 if the weather were completely dry over a particular two-day weekend.

The skies did indeed stay dry, and the salon reaped $10,000. Luciano and Malay bought a similar contract for another weekend and reaped another $10,000.

They plan to continue buying a weather contract every few months until their salon is busy enough that they no longer need walk-in clients.

"If it had rained, we would have lost $2,000 but we would have more than made up for it with the new clients we would have gotten," Luciano said. "This helps us protect ourselves if the weather doesn't go the way we want it to."

Not all of WeatherBill's clients, of course, receive the dramatic payoff that Spencer Malay Hair did.

The challenge for weather contract buyers is weighing the likelihood of bad weather against the cost of protection.

"You need to be really, really informed," Vassar said. "A lot of small-businesspeople don't have the time or expertise to do this kind of financial modeling."

WeatherBill faces its own set of challenges. To turn a profit, the company must rely on databases of historical weather information and complex mathematical formulas aimed at calculating the likelihood that a given time period will be wet, dry, cold or hot. And it's got to do this at a time when global warming is calling much historical weather data into question.

The company also must find enough customers to balance its own risk -- offsetting payments to some clients with revenues from others who didn't win a payout.

"Their challenge is to build a diversified book, so their risk is spread across different kinds of weather conditions, different geographical areas and different time periods," said Scott Mathews, president of WeatherEX LLC, a commodity trading advisory firm. "If they have that, they won't be inundated by rain people or drought people."

WeatherBill has some deep-pocketed help. It has venture capital investment from New Enterprise Associates and Index Ventures. Nephila Capital, a $3 billion reinsurance company, also owns a minority stake in WeatherBill and provides reinsurance for the firm.

Friedberg said he got the idea for WeatherBill about two years ago when he was still working in Google's corporate acquisitions division and Khaliq was an engineer there. Friedberg lived across the street from a bicycle shop and noticed that its business plummeted on rainy days. "I thought it would be cool to do something to help protect these businesses whose revenues were so dependent on the weather," he said.

At that point, Friedberg had never heard of weather derivatives. But derivatives had been around since the late 1990s.

Electric deregulation, which spread across the country in the 1990s, meant that utilities were no longer able to pass all their costs on to consumers. They began looking for ways to control expenses such as unexpected spikes in the cost of energy due to weather. Enron started selling weather derivatives and soon a mini-industry developed.

More than 730,000 weather contracts worth about $20 billion in potential payouts were traded during the past year through the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and over the counter, according to the Weather Risk Management Association. But nearly all of these contracts were written for large entities such as utilities.

WeatherBill aims to reach smaller businesses by using the Internet to streamline the process, making it as simple to price a weather contract as it is to buy something on eBay.

"It's a very interesting concept and might have broad appeal because it's not insurance -- no applications or assumed claims hassles, (and) easy online contracts," said Charles Wilson, a risk management consultant with RiskSmart Solutions in El Cerrito.

The Reluctant Coach

It happens each spring. The emails about spring girls’ softball begin to trickle in. My youngest is still really excited about playing. For my 13 year old, though, the interest has begun to wane. This happens a lot at this age. As kids get older, they begin to focus on activities they are most interested in, and although she has some natural ability, she’s beginning to lose interest.

Each year, it happens the same way. I get an email from the league representative asking if I am interested in coaching. I say no. In the next couple of weeks, I get more emails asking if I’m sure. Then comes the guilt-filled tome that says that we really need you, there are 52 players signed up and only three coaches.

Last year, I said no. Too many activities; I have a job, I’m trying to start a business, publish a book, business travel; coaching 10-13 year olds is like herding cats. This year I agreed to coach, but only at the last minute when there was no one else. I carried the equipment, made up the lineup, patched up bruised arms and egos, and I had a blast.

We live in a pretty competitive environment where I come from, but having played, coached, and umpired on a number of levels for too many years, I had decided to coach from a perspective based on these three premises:

1. Have fun
2. Help each player to improve, regardless of their skill level
3. Teach the players to work together as a team to achieve a common goal

Now, I like to win as much as the next guy, but I won’t do it at the expense of any player, and many of the players and their parents have varying degrees of emphasis on the three points mentioned above.

I’m okay with that. I explain my philosophy to all the parents prior to the season, and I endeavor to stay true to this myself, fighting the competitive streak in me.

And it’s hard.

Last year, we came in eighth out of nine teams. We won the play-in game and took the first place team to the bottom of the last inning before losing with two outs and two strikes on the batter. I was in tears then, not because we lost, but because we had come together as a team and my players left it all out there on the field. Thirteen girls, six who had never played softball before, and they played the game of their lives. You can’t buy that feeling.

This year, though, I had absolutely, positively said I would not, could not coach, for all the same reasons and a few more. My daughter comes up to me and tells me that her best friend said she would play in the spring, but only if I was the coach.

Sorry. No can do. No way. I won’t change my mind.

Then comes the email from the league: We need you, we want you. If you don’t coach, there will be 37 players on each team. We got equipment bags with wheels.

Nope, sorry, I can’t.

My wife and I share our email. She sees the email from the league and she tells me, in front of the kids, that I should coach; one returning player (mine) and an entirely new team.

And lo and behold, we win our first two games, and I begin to think I’m on to something. I tweak things a little, and we get smoked in our next game.

I was really feeling bad when I got an email:

Hi, coach. My daughter plays on your team and my two older daughters play on the varsity softball team at Dominion High School in Sterling, VA. Do you think the team would be interested in practicing with the high school team? The coach likes to do this.

Wow, I wrote back. They would really do this? It seemed so unreal. What kind of team would take the time just before their tournaments to help our little team?

I emailed the coach, and within a few hours, Coach Chris Tully responded with a date and two pages of things he wanted to try. He also invited the girls to come to their next home game and be introduced along with the varsity prior to the start of the game.

Who is this guy? I’m thinking.

I asked him what time he wanted the team there, and he told me anytime. We will work with your schedule.

The following Wednesday, I met Coach Chris Tully for the first time. Young guy; definitely looks and acts like a coach. I arrived late and he already had his team take charge of our team. The varsity girls really seemed to be enjoying themselves and my team was in heaven.

I started to talk with Coach Tully, and I watched as he directed the activities. The good-natured give and take between him and his assistants, the interaction of all the team with each other - this was just a normal practice and everyone was genuinely enjoying themselves.

C’mon. I’ve seen Hoosiers. I’ve seen Radio. I even played myself. Varsity sports is some pretty heady stuff.

Nope, Coach Tully told me as I thanked him for the invite for at least the tenth time. He talked about how it is important that his girls understand the role they play as varsity players in the community, and how each one of his girls had played on a house league team and dreamed of the day they would make the high school varsity team.

Then I start thinking that this is all sounding a little familiar to me. Have fun, work hard, work as a team, and always remember who you are as you press on towards your goals.

Hey, he coaches just like me! Of course, he does it much better and at a much higher level. After almost two hours, he pulled the plug on things, only to call everyone back to get a picture of the two teams together. A week later, I watched our team stand out on the field next to a DHS player for the national anthem, and I knew that all involved had prospered from the experience.

I want to thank Coach Tully, his staff and the players on the Dominion High School Varsity girls’ softball team for taking the time to work with us. I enjoy coaching this level because it is a pivotal age group, and it is invaluable for kids to have someone close to their age that they can look up to as they enter their teen years.

I also want to personally thank Coach Tully for reminding me that it is possible to improve and work towards a common goal as a team without sacrificing the fun part.

After all, isn’t that why they call it a game?